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  <ul>
    <li><a href="#while-循环">while 循环</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例">实例</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#无限循环">无限循环</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#实例-1">实例</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#while-循环使用-else-语句">while 循环使用 else 语句</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#实例-2">实例</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#简单语句组">简单语句组</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#实例-3">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#for-语句">for 语句</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-4">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-5">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#range函数">range()函数</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-6">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-7">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-8">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-9">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-10">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-11">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#break-和-continue-语句及循环中的-else-子句">break 和 continue 语句及循环中的 else 子句</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#实例-12">实例</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#实例-13">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-14">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-15">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-16">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-17">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#pass-语句">pass 语句</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-18">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-19">实例</a></li>
    <li><a href="#实例-20">实例</a></li>
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    <article class="post">
        <header>
            <h1 class="post-title">Python3循环语句</h1>
        </header>
        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年9月15日
        </date>
        
        <div class="post-meta">
            <span>|</span>
            
            <span class="meta-category"><a href='/categories/python'>python</a></span>
            
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            <span id="busuanzi_container_page_pv">|<span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span><span>
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        <div class="post-content">
            <h1 id="python3-循环语句">Python3 循环语句</h1>
<p>本章节将为大家介绍 Python 循环语句的使用。</p>
<p>Python 中的循环语句有 for 和 while。</p>
<p>Python 循环语句的控制结构图如下所示：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/loop.png">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/loop.png" />
        </a>
    </p>
<hr>
<h2 id="while-循环">while 循环</h2>
<p>Python 中 while 语句的一般形式：</p>
<pre><code>while 判断条件(condition)：
    执行语句(statements)……
</code></pre><p>执行流程图如下：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/886A6E10-58F1-4A9B-8640-02DBEFF0EF9A.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/886A6E10-58F1-4A9B-8640-02DBEFF0EF9A.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>执行 Gif 演示：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/006faQNTgw1f5wnm06h3ug30ci08cake.gif">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/006faQNTgw1f5wnm06h3ug30ci08cake.gif" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>同样需要注意冒号和缩进。另外，在 Python 中没有 do..while 循环。</p>
<p>以下实例使用了 while 来计算 1 到 100 的总和：</p>
<h2 id="实例">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
n = 100
 
sum = 0
counter = 1
while counter &lt;= n:
    sum = sum + counter
    counter += 1
 
print(&quot;1 到 %d 之和为: %d&quot; % (n,sum))
</code></pre><p>执行结果如下：</p>
<pre><code>1 到 100 之和为: 5050
</code></pre><h3 id="无限循环">无限循环</h3>
<p>我们可以通过设置条件表达式永远不为 false 来实现无限循环，实例如下：</p>
<h2 id="实例-1">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
var = 1
while var == 1 :  # 表达式永远为 true
   num = int(input(&quot;输入一个数字  :&quot;))
   print (&quot;你输入的数字是: &quot;, num)
 
print (&quot;Good bye!&quot;)
</code></pre><p>执行以上脚本，输出结果如下：</p>
<pre><code>输入一个数字  :5
你输入的数字是:  5
输入一个数字  :
</code></pre><p>你可以使用 <strong>CTRL+C</strong> 来退出当前的无限循环。</p>
<p>无限循环在服务器上客户端的实时请求非常有用。</p>
<h3 id="while-循环使用-else-语句">while 循环使用 else 语句</h3>
<p>如果 while 后面的条件语句为 false 时，则执行 else 的语句块。</p>
<p>语法格式如下：</p>
<pre><code>while &lt;expr&gt;:
    &lt;statement(s)&gt;
else:
    &lt;additional_statement(s)&gt;
</code></pre><p>expr 条件语句为 true 则执行 statement(s) 语句块，如果为 false，则执行 additional_statement(s)。</p>
<p>循环输出数字，并判断大小：</p>
<h2 id="实例-2">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
count = 0
while count &lt; 5:
   print (count, &quot; 小于 5&quot;)
   count = count + 1
else:
   print (count, &quot; 大于或等于 5&quot;)
</code></pre><p>执行以上脚本，输出结果如下：</p>
<pre><code>0  小于 5
1  小于 5
2  小于 5
3  小于 5
4  小于 5
5  大于或等于 5
</code></pre><h3 id="简单语句组">简单语句组</h3>
<p>类似if语句的语法，如果你的while循环体中只有一条语句，你可以将该语句与while写在同一行中， 如下所示：</p>
<h2 id="实例-3">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python
 
flag = 1
 
while (flag): print ('欢迎访问菜鸟教程!')
 
print (&quot;Good bye!&quot;)
</code></pre><p>**注意：**以上的无限循环你可以使用 CTRL+C 来中断循环。</p>
<p>执行以上脚本，输出结果如下：</p>
<pre><code>欢迎访问菜鸟教程!
欢迎访问菜鸟教程!
欢迎访问菜鸟教程!
欢迎访问菜鸟教程!
欢迎访问菜鸟教程!
……
</code></pre><hr>
<h2 id="for-语句">for 语句</h2>
<p>Python for 循环可以遍历任何可迭代对象，如一个列表或者一个字符串。</p>
<p>for循环的一般格式如下：</p>
<pre><code>for &lt;variable&gt; in &lt;sequence&gt;:
    &lt;statements&gt;
else:
    &lt;statements&gt;
</code></pre><p><strong>流程图：</strong></p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/A71EC47E-BC53-4923-8F88-B027937EE2FF.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/A71EC47E-BC53-4923-8F88-B027937EE2FF.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>Python for 循环实例：</p>
<h2 id="实例-4">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;languages = [&quot;C&quot;, &quot;C++&quot;, &quot;Perl&quot;, &quot;Python&quot;] 
&gt;&gt;&gt; for x in languages:
...     print (x)
... 
C
C++
Perl
Python
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre><p>以下 for 实例中使用了 break 语句，break 语句用于跳出当前循环体：</p>
<h2 id="实例-5">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
sites = [&quot;Baidu&quot;, &quot;Google&quot;,&quot;luckly&quot;,&quot;Taobao&quot;]
for site in sites:
    if site == &quot;luckly&quot;:
        print(&quot;菜鸟教程!&quot;)
        break
    print(&quot;循环数据 &quot; + site)
else:
    print(&quot;没有循环数据!&quot;)
print(&quot;完成循环!&quot;)
</code></pre><p>执行脚本后，在循环到 &ldquo;luckly&quot;时会跳出循环体：</p>
<pre><code>循环数据 Baidu
循环数据 Google
菜鸟教程!
完成循环!
</code></pre><hr>
<h2 id="range函数">range()函数</h2>
<p>如果你需要遍历数字序列，可以使用内置range()函数。它会生成数列，例如:</p>
<h2 id="实例-6">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;for i in range(5):
...     print(i)
...
0
1
2
3
4
</code></pre><p>你也可以使用range指定区间的值：</p>
<h2 id="实例-7">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;for i in range(5,9) :
    print(i)
 
    
5
6
7
8
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre><p>也可以使range以指定数字开始并指定不同的增量(甚至可以是负数，有时这也叫做&rsquo;步长'):</p>
<h2 id="实例-8">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;for i in range(0, 10, 3) :
    print(i)
 
    
0
3
6
9
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre><p>负数：</p>
<h2 id="实例-9">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;for i in range(-10, -100, -30) :
    print(i)
 
    
-10
-40
-70
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre><p>您可以结合range()和len()函数以遍历一个序列的索引,如下所示:</p>
<h2 id="实例-10">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;a = ['Google', 'Baidu', 'luckly', 'Taobao', 'QQ']
&gt;&gt;&gt; for i in range(len(a)):
...     print(i, a[i])
... 
0 Google
1 Baidu
2 luckly
3 Taobao
4 QQ
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre><p>还可以使用range()函数来创建一个列表：</p>
<h2 id="实例-11">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;list(range(5))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
&gt;&gt;&gt;
</code></pre><hr>
<h2 id="break-和-continue-语句及循环中的-else-子句">break 和 continue 语句及循环中的 else 子句</h2>
<p><strong>break 执行流程图：</strong></p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/E5A591EF-6515-4BCB-AEAA-A97ABEFC5D7D.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/E5A591EF-6515-4BCB-AEAA-A97ABEFC5D7D.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p><strong>continue 执行流程图：</strong></p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/8962A4F1-B78C-4877-B328-903366EA1470.jpg">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/8962A4F1-B78C-4877-B328-903366EA1470.jpg" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>while 语句代码执行过程：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/python-while.webp">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/python-while.webp" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p>for 语句代码执行过程：</p>
<p>
        <a data-fancybox="gallery" href="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/break-continue-536.png">
            <img class="mx-auto" alt="img" src="https://luckly007.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/image/break-continue-536.png" />
        </a>
    </p>
<p><strong>break</strong> 语句可以跳出 for 和 while 的循环体。如果你从 for 或 while 循环中终止，任何对应的循环 else 块将不执行。</p>
<p><strong>continue</strong> 语句被用来告诉 Python 跳过当前循环块中的剩余语句，然后继续进行下一轮循环。</p>
<h3 id="实例-12">实例</h3>
<p>while 中使用 break：</p>
<h2 id="实例-13">实例</h2>
<pre><code>n = 5
while n &gt; 0:
    n -= 1
    if n == 2:
        break
    print(n)
print('循环结束。')
</code></pre><p>输出结果为：</p>
<pre><code>4
3
循环结束。
</code></pre><p>while 中使用 continue：</p>
<h2 id="实例-14">实例</h2>
<pre><code>n = 5
while n &gt; 0:
    n -= 1
    if n == 2:
        continue
    print(n)
print('循环结束。')
</code></pre><p>输出结果为：</p>
<pre><code>4
3
1
0
循环结束。
</code></pre><p>更多实例如下：</p>
<h2 id="实例-15">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
for letter in 'luckly':     # 第一个实例
   if letter == 'b':
      break
   print ('当前字母为 :', letter)
  
var = 10                    # 第二个实例
while var &gt; 0:              
   print ('当期变量值为 :', var)
   var = var -1
   if var == 5:
      break
 
print (&quot;Good bye!&quot;)
</code></pre><p>执行以上脚本输出结果为：</p>
<pre><code>当前字母为 : R
当前字母为 : u
当前字母为 : n
当前字母为 : o
当前字母为 : o
当期变量值为 : 10
当期变量值为 : 9
当期变量值为 : 8
当期变量值为 : 7
当期变量值为 : 6
Good bye!
</code></pre><p>以下实例循环字符串 luckly，碰到字母 o 跳过输出：</p>
<h2 id="实例-16">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
for letter in 'luckly':     # 第一个实例
   if letter == 'o':        # 字母为 o 时跳过输出
      continue
   print ('当前字母 :', letter)
 
var = 10                    # 第二个实例
while var &gt; 0:              
   var = var -1
   if var == 5:             # 变量为 5 时跳过输出
      continue
   print ('当前变量值 :', var)
print (&quot;Good bye!&quot;)
</code></pre><p>执行以上脚本输出结果为：</p>
<pre><code>当前字母 : R
当前字母 : u
当前字母 : n
当前字母 : b
当前变量值 : 9
当前变量值 : 8
当前变量值 : 7
当前变量值 : 6
当前变量值 : 4
当前变量值 : 3
当前变量值 : 2
当前变量值 : 1
当前变量值 : 0
Good bye!
</code></pre><p>循环语句可以有 else 子句，它在穷尽列表(以for循环)或条件变为 false (以while循环)导致循环终止时被执行，但循环被 break 终止时不执行。</p>
<p>如下实例用于查询质数的循环例子:</p>
<h2 id="实例-17">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
for n in range(2, 10):
    for x in range(2, n):
        if n % x == 0:
            print(n, '等于', x, '*', n//x)
            break
    else:
        # 循环中没有找到元素
        print(n, ' 是质数')
</code></pre><p>执行以上脚本输出结果为：</p>
<pre><code>2  是质数
3  是质数
4 等于 2 * 2
5  是质数
6 等于 2 * 3
7  是质数
8 等于 2 * 4
9 等于 3 * 3
</code></pre><hr>
<h2 id="pass-语句">pass 语句</h2>
<p>Python pass是空语句，是为了保持程序结构的完整性。</p>
<p>pass 不做任何事情，一般用做占位语句，如下实例</p>
<h2 id="实例-18">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;while True:
...     pass  # 等待键盘中断 (Ctrl+C)
</code></pre><p>)</p>
<p>最小的类:</p>
<h2 id="实例-19">实例</h2>
<pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt;class MyEmptyClass:
...     pass
</code></pre><p>以下实例在字母为 o 时 执行 pass 语句块:</p>
<h2 id="实例-20">实例</h2>
<pre><code>#!/usr/bin/python3
 
for letter in 'luckly': 
   if letter == 'o':
      pass
      print ('执行 pass 块')
   print ('当前字母 :', letter)
 
print (&quot;Good bye!&quot;)
</code></pre><p>执行以上脚本输出结果为：</p>
<pre><code>当前字母 : R
当前字母 : u
当前字母 : n
执行 pass 块
当前字母 : o
执行 pass 块
当前字母 : o
当前字母 : b
Good bye!
</code></pre>
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